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Separation of the face from the skull base

Le Fort III Fracture

At this level the entire facial skeleton comes loose from the skull. The break travels through the root of the nose, across both eye sockets to the outer rims, and through the arches towards the ears, so nose, cheekbones and jaw move as one.

Le Fort III Fracture
Anaesthesia
General anaesthetic, often with intensive care afterwards
Hospital stay
Often a week or more, depending on other injuries
Back to routine
Several months, guided by the whole injury picture
Cost band
Rs 55,000 to Rs 1.2L
Quick answer

A Le Fort III fracture, also called craniofacial disjunction, separates the whole face from the skull base. Unlike the lower levels, the cheekbones and the eye socket outer walls come away too, so the face can lengthen and flatten as a unit. Treatment stabilises the patient first, then reattaches the facial framework to stable skull bone and restores the bite.

Key takeaways
  • The separation runs through the nasal root, both eye sockets and the arches, so the whole facial skeleton becomes one loose unit.
  • Because the cheekbones detach as well, the face can lengthen and flatten in a way the lower two levels do not produce.
  • This pattern follows high energy trauma, so head, neck, chest and eye injuries are looked for before facial repair is planned.
  • A clear watery discharge from the nose can mean a tear at the skull base, which changes both timing and team involvement.
  • Reconstruction works from stable skull bone downwards, reattaching the facial frame before the bite is finally locked in.
Craniofacial disjunction: Craniofacial disjunction is the complete separation of the facial skeleton from the base of the skull along the eye sockets and nasal root.

What separates in a Le Fort III injury

The face hangs from the skull at a small number of strong junctions. In this pattern every one of them fails. From the root of the nose the fracture passes back through the inner and outer walls of each eye socket, comes out at the outer rim beside the eyebrow, and continues through the arch that runs towards the ear. Below that line the whole face, including the nose, both cheekbones and the tooth bearing jaw, is no longer joined to the skull.

The consequences are visible and immediate. A longer, wider face pushed backwards is typical, the eyes may look sunken, and holding the upper teeth moves the entire face including the eye socket rims. Swelling is severe, both eyes bruise heavily and the bite is deranged. Because the injury sits against the skull base, bleeding, a leak of fluid from around the brain, and damage to the eyes or the brain itself are all real concerns.

This is therefore a hospital emergency long before it is a reconstructive problem. Airway, bleeding and head injury come first, imaging follows, and surgery is timed to when the patient can safely tolerate a long operation.

When this level of injury is suspected
✦A high energy road accident, a fall from height or a heavy industrial injury
✦The whole face moving as one unit when the upper teeth are grasped
✦A face that looks longer and flatter with both eyes heavily bruised
✦Clear watery fluid dripping from the nose or trickling down the throat
✦Loss of consciousness or confusion alongside the facial injury
✦Double vision, sunken eyes or a change in the level of the eyes

Signs that need urgent attention

Noisy breathing, choking or a falling oxygen level is an emergency, as the loose midface can block the airway.
Drowsiness, repeated vomiting or a fit after the injury suggests a head injury and needs immediate assessment.
Loss of vision or an eye that is tense and rapidly swelling must be treated within hours.
Clear fluid from the nose or ear, with a salty taste at the back of the throat, calls for urgent review.

Who reconstruction suits and when

Every displaced injury at this level needs reconstruction. The real question is timing, and that depends on how stable the patient is overall.

May be suitable when
✦A face that is clearly mobile against the skull base on examination
✦A deranged bite together with loss of facial height or projection
✦Involvement of the eye socket walls with double vision or a changed eye position
✦A patient whose head, chest and other injuries have been brought under control
May not be suitable when
✦Anyone still unstable from bleeding, brain injury or chest trauma, where surgery has to wait
✦A rising pressure inside the skull, which is managed by the neurosurgical team first
✦Undisplaced patterns with a normal bite and normal eyes, which may be watched closely
✦Expectation of a single operation that finishes everything, since staged work is common at this level

How treatment is organised

01
Emergency stabilisation

The airway is protected, bleeding is controlled and head, neck and chest injuries are assessed. Facial repair waits until these are settled, which may take several days.

02
Imaging and planning

A computed tomography scan maps every separated junction and shows the eye sockets and skull base. The plan names which points will be exposed and in what order they will be fixed.

03
Rebuilding from stable bone

Surgery begins from bone that is still attached to the skull, usually at the outer rim of the eye socket and the nasal root. The facial frame is hung back onto that foundation.

04
Restoring the bite

The upper and lower teeth are brought into their earlier relationship and held, which sets the vertical height of the face and guides the position of the midface pillars.

05
Fixation and recovery

Plates are placed at the reattached junctions and along the pillars. Many patients spend the first days in intensive care, with eye and neurological checks continuing throughout.

Recovery stage by stage

Day 1 to 3

Care is centred on breathing, swelling and pain control, often in intensive care. The face and eyelids are markedly swollen and nutrition is given in liquid form.

Week 1 to 2

Swelling begins to fall and stitches are removed. Eye assessment is repeated, and speech, swallowing and a soft diet are gradually reintroduced.

Week 6

The framework has united. Diet advances, walking and light activity resume, and the shape of the face becomes clearer as the last swelling goes.

Month 6 and beyond

Sensation, eye position and the bite are reviewed properly. Refining procedures on the nose, eye socket or teeth may be planned once everything is settled.

What reconstruction can achieve

✦A facial skeleton reattached to the skull, so the face no longer moves as a loose unit
✦Restored facial height and projection, correcting the lengthened flattened look
✦A bite brought back towards the way the teeth met before the accident
✦Support rebuilt around both eyes, which helps eye position and reduces double vision
✦A stable base for any later refinement of the nose, the eye sockets or the teeth

What results are realistic

This is one of the largest injuries the face can sustain, and honesty matters more than optimism. Careful reconstruction restores much of the shape and a working bite for many patients. Even so, some flattening, a wider nasal root, differences in eye level or lasting numbness can remain. Recovery can vary widely, and further staged surgery is often part of the plan rather than a sign that something went wrong.

Risks and complications to know about

Both the injury and the surgery carry significant risks, and these are discussed with the family in full before consent.

Leak of fluid from around the brain, and infection reaching the lining of the brain
Vision problems, double vision or a lasting change in the position of one eye
Lasting numbness across the cheeks, nose, upper lip and upper teeth
A bite that does not fit exactly, needing further surgery or dental treatment
Infection of plates, delayed union and the need for staged operations later

Looking after recovery at home

Recovery continues for months after discharge, and steady routines protect what was rebuilt in theatre.

✦Follow the diet advice stage by stage, since chewing too early loads the whole reconstructed frame
✦Attend every review, as changes in bite, vision or swelling are easier to correct when found early
✦Do not blow the nose until you are told it is safe, because of the healing skull base
✦Take rest and sleep seriously, and ask for help with mood or memory problems after a head injury
✦Avoid riding, contact sport and heavy work until the team clears you

What families often get wrong

MythSurgery should happen the same night
In practice

Life threatening problems come first. Facial reconstruction is timed to when the patient can tolerate a long operation, which is usually a few days after the injury.

MythThe face will be rebuilt in a single sitting
In practice

The main operation restores the framework and the bite. Refinements to the nose, eye sockets or teeth are frequently planned afterwards as staged work.

MythIf the eyes look normal, they need no checking
In practice

Fracture lines run through both eye sockets at this level. Vision, eye movement and eye position are checked before, during and after the repair.

MythPlates will need to be taken out later
In practice

Most plates stay in place without trouble. Removal is considered only if a plate becomes uncomfortable, infected or noticeable under thin skin.

Why families choose Elegance Clinic

Severe facial injuries at Elegance Clinic in Surat are managed as one continuous plan, with the emergency phase, the reconstruction and any later refinement followed by the same plastic surgery team.

✦Coordination with emergency, eye and neurological care before facial surgery is scheduled
✦Scan based planning explained to the family in plain language
✦Staged work discussed honestly at the outset rather than presented as a surprise later
✦A written estimate wherever the situation allows, with support on insurance paperwork
Cost & insurance

Cost and insurance

Cost at this level depends heavily on the whole injury picture, including intensive care, the number of sites fixed, hardware, theatre time and the length of stay. Jaw fracture fixation offers the nearest reference band and is shown below as a guide to the surgical component. A written estimate is prepared once the patient is stable and the plan is set. Such admissions are usually covered by mediclaim, and the team helps with the paperwork.

Request a written estimate →
Mandible fracture fixation
Rs 55,000 to Rs 1.2L
Mediclaim
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Questions patients ask, answered

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The surgical component usually sits in a band of Rs 55,000 to Rs 1.2L, while the overall total depends on intensive care, imaging, hardware and length of stay. A written estimate is shared with the family once the patient is stable and the plan is agreed.

Accident related facial reconstruction is covered by most mediclaim policies, as it is reconstructive and not cosmetic care. The claim needs accident records, scan reports and operative notes. Room rent limits and waiting periods in the policy still apply.

Surgery is timed to when the patient can tolerate it, with the airway protected and other injuries controlled first. Risks are real and include bleeding, infection, vision problems and fluid leak from around the brain, and all are explained beforehand.

The hospital stay is often a week or more, and swelling takes several weeks to settle. Bone unites by about six weeks, while full recovery is measured in months and depends on head, chest and other injuries as much as on the face.

Careful reconstruction restores much of the shape and a working bite for many patients. Some flattening, a wider nasal root, differences in eye level or lasting numbness can remain, and staged refinement is often part of the plan.

Only in the rare case where nothing has moved and the bite, eyes and facial height are normal. A face that is mobile against the skull base needs fixation, otherwise it heals long, flat and out of position.

Usually within the first one to two weeks, once bleeding, breathing and any head injury are under control. Operating too early risks the patient, while waiting too long allows the fragments to fuse in the wrong place.

Related

Related pages

Seeing patients from across the city and beyond: read about the practice on the plastic surgeon in Surat page, or check what a written estimate covers on the costs and insurance page.

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